Nancy: Javan rhinoceros

Common Name: Javan rhinoceros, lesser one-horned rhino
Scientific Name: Rhinoceros sondaicus
Range States: Indonesia, Vietnam
Habitat: Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests
Location: Western Indonesia, Eastern Indochina
IUCN Status: Critically Endangered
CITES: Appendix I
Population: 40-60 in Ujung Kulon National Park, Java, Indonesia; no more than 8 in Cat Tien National Park, Vietnam

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Javan Rhinoceros Range

The Javan Rhinoceros (Sunda Rhinoceros to be more precise) or Lesser One-horned Rhinoceros (Rhinoceros sondaicus) is a member of the family Rhinocerotidae and one of five extant rhinoceroses. It belongs to the same genus as the Indian Rhinoceros, and has similar mosaicked skin which resembles armor, but at 3.1–3.2 m (10–10.5 feet) in length and 1.4–1.7 m (4.6–5.8 ft) in height, it is smaller than the Indian Rhinoceros, and is closer in size to the Black Rhinoceros. Its horn is usually less than 25 cm (10 inches), smaller than those of the other rhino species.

The Javan rhino prefers tall grass and reed beds in lowland rain forests with a good supply of water and plentiful mud wallows. Formerly, it generally preferred low-lying areas. Although it now occupies hilly areas up to 2000 m (6550'), this likely is a result of being driven into suboptimal upland habitats due to the pressure of human settlement in lowland areas. In Vietnam it occurs on very steep hills covered with thick bamboo and rattan stands. The Javan rhino is primarily a browser. Its diet consists of shoots, twigs, young foliage and fallen fruit. It is diurnal and nocturnal. It remains near water and enjoys bathing and wallowing in mud. Javan rhinos are mostly solitary except for mating pairs and mothers with young. The male is probably territorial, marking his territory with dung piles and urine pools. He encounters potential mates at suitable muddy wallows.

There are two major reasons for the Javan rhino's decline. The first one is poaching of the rhino for its horn. Rhino horn is valued highly for use in Oriental medicine (as a drug to reduce fever), and in Yemen horns are carved to make traditional dagger handles. The second reason is habitat loss due to clearing of lowland forest. The most critical threat to the Javan rhinos in Vietnam is the continued conversion of forestland into agricultural land.

People have to stop their hunting and damage to the environment. Placing them in protected areas and to help them breed.

In 1998, WWF created the Asian Rhino and Elephant Action Strategy (AREAS) in recognition of the fact that conservation success will only be possible through a wide-ranging approach that goes beyond protecting isolated areas and addresses issues of land-use practices.

Through AREAS, WWF is working with law-makers and law-enforcement agencies to actively patrol rhino habitats to prevent poaching, and to pursue, capture, and prosecute any currently active poachers.
WWF also works with communities to reduce human-rhino conflict, protect forested corridors used by rhinos and other species to move between habitats, and create buffer zones around protected areas and between forests and human settlements and farms.

FOOD CHAIN

Javan rhino: shoots, twigs, young foliage, fallen fruit, and branches from saplings

As the previous answer indicates, rhinos are seldom preyed upon by other organisms due to their sheer size and power. However baby rhinos do occasionally fall victim to carnivorous predators, but again this is rare. This means that rhinos are the primary consumers in the food chain and are the top of their food chain.

Source :

http://www.animalinfo.org/species/artiperi/rhinsond.htm#ixzz1K9AqPrDy

http://pandapedia.com/wiki/Javan_Rhinoceros#Behavior

http://wwf.panda.org/what_we_do/endangered_species/rhinoceros/asian_rhinos/ourwork/